The article is devoted to what types of sports there are. Currently, there are quite a large number of sports disciplines. Sports are divided into game (team and individual), combat, cyclic, strength and extreme. The most popular of them are game types, namely football, hockey, volleyball, basketball, tennis. Football is deservedly the No. 1 sport for most people on our planet.
It is estimated that there are more than 200,000 sports in the world. And this is not the limit, because they are created almost daily. In Russia there is an official list of sports, which includes 159 entries. In addition, each type is divided into at least 3 subtypes, and the maximum of this value reaches 200. For example, motor racing has 104 subtypes.
Classification of sports
Sports are divided into main groups. The first place in terms of the number of disciplines is occupied by gaming competitions. Second place goes to the classics - athletics and weightlifting, martial arts, artistic and rhythmic gymnastics. In third place, extreme sports are increasingly gaining popularity. In addition, there are specialized sports competitions: auto and motorcycle racing, cycling, shooting, skiing, swimming, etc.
The division of sports is carried out according to characteristics that are common to all disciplines. Let's look at what sports there are in the world and how they are characterized:
- individual - sports in which one participant competes (golf, billiards, tennis, chess, croquet, etc.);
- cyclical - moving the body in space using cyclically repeated movements (biathlon, swimming, skating, kayaking, cross-country skiing, a number of types of athletics, etc.);
- team (game) - competitions involve a group of players who, as a rule, compete with a similar team of opponents (football, hockey, handball, basketball, tug-of-war, etc.);
- strength - participants compete in exercises with special heavy equipment (weightlifting, kettlebell lifting, bodybuilding, powerlifting);
- combat sports - an athlete defeats another as a result of force within certain conditions (boxing, sambo, aikido, kick-boxing, belt wrestling, hand-to-hand combat, etc.);
- complex coordination - requiring from participants special skills and abilities related to control of their body and coordination of movements (parkour, diving, alpine skiing, sports acrobatics, rhythmic gymnastics, etc.);
- technical – competitions related to the use of technical achievements of society (bobsleigh, shooting, speedway, karting, motorball, rally, etc.);
- applied - competition participants demonstrate military or economic skills (sports fishing, equestrianism, sailing, orienteering, casting);
- extreme - competitions involve a great risk to the lives of participants (mountain climbing, diving, speleology, sports tourism, winter swimming, etc.);
- aviation – use of aircraft (helicopter and glider sports).
Losing weight is not boring
To avoid getting bored while walking, take your player with you or invite a good friend for a walk: with an interesting conversation, you may not notice how several hours pass in a row. It would be a good idea to discuss, for example, what sports you can do together in the gym.
If you go out to walk around the city alone, do not forget to appreciate the beauty of the world around you: green trees in the park, tempting shop windows, open faces of people you meet along the way and the characteristic mixture of city aromas, in which you can easily discern the divine smell of donuts from the nearest confectionery Avoiding donuts to avoid gaining weight? Then take oatmeal fitness biscuits or muesli bars and be sure to organize a snack after your walk.
Classic sports.
Athletics is comparable in entertainment to team games: running over various distances, long jump, high jump, pole vault. Throwing projectiles: discus, javelin, hammer.
Weightlifting aims to achieve a record lifting of weights in the bench press, snatch and jerk while standing. This includes weightlifting and bodybuilding.
Martial arts include all types of wrestling: classical, sambo, judo. Amateur and professional boxing. National martial arts: karate, taekwondo, jiu jitsu, hand-to-hand combat. Fencing with swords, rapiers, sabers.
Artistic gymnastics is the performance of a complex acrobatic program. Performances on classic sports equipment: pommel horse, horizontal bar, uneven bars, rings. Jumping over a projectile from a running start, performing acrobatic elements in the air.
Rhythmic gymnastics is represented among women. This is the performance of gymnastic exercises accompanied by music, showing the flexibility and grace of the body.
Tennis
At this stage, tennis is as popular all over the world as football. More recently, it was included in the program of the Olympic Games, after which it received the status of a basic sport in Russia.
Among Russian tennis players, we can highlight the successes of Maria Sharapova, Marat Safin and his sister Dinara Safina, who completed their careers, Nikolai Davydenko and Anna Chakvetadze.
Tennis is not a cheap pleasure. At the beginning of a career, large expenses are spent on travel, maintaining a team, and equipment. If a tennis player lives up to expectations and reaches the world level, he signs contracts with sports companies, and his investment pays off very quickly.
Winter sports
On the eve of the Sochi Olympics, interest in them is only growing. Particularly popular are:
- biathlon – competition of shooting skiers;
- figure skating is the most beautiful, aesthetic and cultural winter sport;
- Curling is a young but actively developing winter sport.
But hockey, of course, surpassed everyone. According to one version, this name comes from the Old French “hoquet,” which means “shepherd’s crook with a hook.” Hockey is a team sport; a game whose main driving force is the desire to score the maximum possible number of pucks into the opponent’s goal through individual or team actions.
Back in the 16th century, the Dutch practiced playing with sticks and a ball on ice. Later they taught this to the British and Scandinavians. But modern ice hockey owes its origins to Canadians. Numerous bodies of water and long winters helped the residents of this country come up with affordable entertainment. Initially, a heavy ball was used instead of a puck, and the number of players reached 50 or more.
In 1870, ice hockey became a compulsory competition at all sports festivals. The first rules for the game were invented by students at McGill University, and in 1879 the Canadian Robertson proposed a version of the first official rules, at which time the first rubber puck was thrown into the game.
Montreal became famous for the fact that it was here that the world's first indoor hockey rink was built in 1899. And even then she had artificial ice. The stadium could accommodate an unprecedented number of spectators at that time - 10,000 people. All of these events occurred simultaneously with the registration of the Canadian Amateur Hockey League. It is worth adding that the first team of professional hockey players is also Canadian, and was organized in 1904.
Concept
In short, basic sports are those that are included in the competition at the Olympic and Paralympic Games. Also other sports competitions developed in the Russian Federation on its territory, taking into account existing factors and historical traditions. Each subject of the Russian Federation is obliged to prepare a team in one or another basic sport and include the list in the starting protocol.
In this terminology there is no such thing as “mass”. The main principle is quality. Ultimately, athletes undergo qualifications, which help ensure that the best remain - those who will subsequently compete on the international stage.
Water sports
All sports related to water are usually called water sports or “aquatics”. Competitions can take place both in open reservoirs and in swimming pools; both between teams (synchronized swimming, water polo) and between individuals (surfing, diving), with the use of additional equipment (rowing, sailing) and without it (swimming, diving). More information about water sports here.
Ten sports are included in the Olympic Games program, and three more - regatta, surfing and diving - have every chance of getting there in the near future. Competitions in these sports have long been held regularly according to clearly defined rules and attract a large number of fans.
Aquatic athletes pay a special attention to the choice of equipment for training and competitions. Indeed, in addition to its aesthetics and convenience, it must also have water-repellent characteristics, the ability to dry quickly and be resistant to constant “wet-dry” cycles.
The popularity of these sports is quite high and has its own audience of fans.
https://youtu.be/-uCumUWaJFs
Run
If walking is too easy for you and you don't mind increasing the difficulty level of your activities, switch to jogging. It is perhaps the most widespread sport, since to perform invigorating morning runs you only need sportswear and shoes - and nothing more. Of course, you can get a pedometer and an electronic calorie counter, as well as a special player, headphones and a wrist strap, but all these accessories are not necessary. When considering whether to buy a treadmill for your home, ask yourself: what is the difference between running outdoors and exercising on a machine?
It's not even about the opportunity to breathe fresh air and enjoy the feeling of natural morning or evening coolness. The fact is that people who have no idea what kind of sport to engage in often overlook an important detail: outside the walls of the home, the runner is seriously hampered by air resistance. It can be completely invisible to human perception, therefore, to fully understand the essence of the issue, you need to run around both in the hall and along the street to compare your impressions. However, despite the absence of natural obstacles in the path of a runner working on a simulator, connoisseurs of running in the gym also do not waste time. A treadmill, stepper, alpine skiing, elliptical trainer - all these are excellent tools for warming up and cooling down for each individual fitness class.
Extreme Sports
This is a sport with a risk to your life. Dangerous and unpredictable. Extreme sports include: mountaineering, rock climbing, acrobatic freestyle, giant slalom, motorcycle acrobatics, mountainboarding, diving, flyboarding. Surfing is a particularly fast-growing and popular sport among young people. New directions and trends in the extreme sports section appear every day.
Today, about 40 species are already known and it is possible that a new one is being born at this moment. Everywhere: on the ground (boxing, trial); on the water (aquabike, windsurfing), in the air (parachuting, hang gliding), underwater (diving) and even underground (speleology) a surge of adrenaline and human emotions is used.
It is this category that demonstrates what kinds of sports human imagination can create. It is quite possible that some of them will be seen among the Olympic disciplines.
Specialized sports.
- Swimming for long and sprint distances, breaststroke, freestyle, mixed style. Synchronized swimming: singles, pairs, team. Diving from 3, 5, 10 m towers.
- Cross-country skiing at different distances, ski jumping. Biathlon. Snowboard.
- Skating. Short track. Figure skating. Curling.
- Cycling. Cycling tours with stages up to 250 km and team pursuit races.
- Auto and motorcycle racing: road racing, rally, cross. World famous races are Formula 1 and the Paris-Dakar rally.
- Luge: bobsleigh, skeleton.
- Tennis, ping pong.
There are about 200 species in total. And every day there are more and more of them.
Press
The proposed set of exercises will help tighten your stomach, “draw” your waist, and burn extra calories:
- Body bending. The starting position is lying on your back, arms extended forward, legs bent at the knees. Having rounded your back, you should slowly lift your body up. After your knees touch your chest, you need to gradually return to the starting position. The optimal number of repetitions is 3 sets of 10 times.
- Another effective exercise for a flat, toned stomach is “Scissors.” The starting position is similar to the previous exercise, only the arms are extended along the body. Straight legs must be raised above the floor (no more than 45 degrees), then spread apart, and without lowering them to the floor, such movements should be repeated 10 times. In total, it is worth performing 3 such approaches (the break between them is no more than 30 seconds).
Video “Abs exercises at home”:
https://youtu.be/NAEAebOhfus
Game sports.
Team sports are the most popular. Their audience and number of fans is unparalleled. There is no person in the world who does not know about football, hockey, basketball. The openings of world championships and the final games are watched by billions of viewers.
American football, rugby, baseball, volleyball, and bandy are no less famous. The main distinguishing feature of team sports is entertainment. This explains the popularity and number of people doing them at an amateur level. Opening of children's and youth schools, sections, clubs that provide the opportunity to practice team play professionally.
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How to build muscle mass at home
To gain muscle mass at home as quickly as possible, you need to learn several important rules:
- Regular training
Regular does not mean exhausting. Three workouts a week for 40-50 minutes are the best option for both beginners and “experienced” athletes. The main thing to remember is that it takes a week for a muscle to fully recover, that is, seven days should pass between the first and second training for a particular group.
- Healthy eating
You can build muscle mass at home only if you follow a diet. It is necessary to provide the body with energy - carbohydrates and fats, and building material - protein.
An athlete’s diet should contain egg whites, cottage cheese, lean meat, poultry, fish, cereals, nuts, legumes, and mushrooms.
The athlete's body's need for protein is 1.8 - 2.3 g per kilogram of weight, here it is written what to eat and when, calculations of the body's needs and a menu are given.
If this standard is difficult to meet with food, then you need to think about buying protein or gainer.
- Dream
To ensure your body gets healthy sleep, you need to go to bed at the same time, rest on an empty stomach, and not exercise before bed.
- Adaptation to new conditions
The body's ability to adapt to changed conditions can negatively impact an athlete's progress. That is why a training program at home should be drawn up taking into account the muscles’ adaptation to the level of load.
- Inventory
To work with weights, you need to purchase a bar, dumbbells, and plates of different weights. You can also install a horizontal bar at home, buy or make weights for your legs and arms, and fill an old backpack with something heavy, such as sand. Otherwise, all you need is comfortable, breathable clothing and a water bottle.
