Ugly bodybuilding. Why is modern bodybuilding bad?

Content

• 1 History of bodybuilding 1.1 Early years
• 1.2 1950s-1960s
• 1.3 1970s–present 1.3.1 Use of anabolic steroids
• 1.3.2 World Bodybuilding Federation
• 1.3.3 Bodybuilding as an Olympic sport

Bodybuilding as a profession

This sport, like any other, comes in two forms: amateur and professional. Let's talk about the second type, because every person involved in fitness and leading a healthy lifestyle has the right to be called a bodybuilder, even an amateur.

Professional athletes devote their entire lives to bodybuilding, they do not miss a single workout, and as a result, this hard work becomes the meaning of their life. However, they consciously choose this path, because it promises them many opportunities, fame and recognition. Remember how popular Arnold Schwarzenegger was? Bodybuilder, actor, model and, finally, politician - no matter what business he did, he will forever remain in the memory of millions of people as the most famous American bodybuilder. By the way, for many of our compatriots he still remains an idol.

History of bodybuilding

early years

Play media file

Evgeny Sandov in 1894

The early stage of the existence of bodybuilding is usually considered to be the period from 1880 to 1953 [ source not specified 89 days

]

1950-1960s

Bodybuilding gained great popularity in the 1950s and 1960s. The biggest booster came from Charles Atlas, whose advertisements in comic books and other publications based on muscular superheroes caused many young people to begin exploring ways to develop their bodies. It was then that the most famous contests and competitions appeared, such as “Mr. Universe” and “Mr. America”. It was these competitions that paved the way for other modern competitions. At the same time, many magazines popularizing bodybuilding appeared - “Strength & Health” and “Muscular Development”. Filming of some bodybuilders also only added to the popularity of the sport. Steve Reeves, who played the roles of Hercules, Samson and other legendary heroes, gained the greatest popularity in films.

1970s–present

Use of anabolic steroids

Despite the fact that anabolic steroids appeared a long time ago, it was the 1970s that are called the “rebellion of anabolic steroids”[2], not only in bodybuilding, but also in other sports. In bodybuilding, this is associated with a sharp jump in muscle volume, starting with Arnold Schwarzenegger, Franco Colombo, Louis Ferigno, Dorian Yates, Lee Haney and Paul DeMaio, as well as the emergence of athletes such as Rich Gaspari and Andreas Muenzer. Although the 1970s began to openly discuss the use of anabolic steroids, they were legal until 1990. In 1990, the US Congress added anabolic steroids to the list of “controlled substances”. In Canada, due to the scandal with Ben Johnson at the Seoul Olympics, liability for the use of steroids was introduced into the Criminal Code of Canada. Steroids are classified as class 6 potent substances.

World Bodybuilding Federation

Mr. California 2014 demonstrates his program.
In 1990, wrestling promoter Vince McMahon announced the formation of a new organization, the World Bodybuilding Federation. Thus, he wanted to bring more entertainment to bodybuilding and increase the prize fund of tournaments. However, in July 1992, the WBF was formally dissolved. Reasons include the lack of income from pay-per-view broadcasts of WBF competitions, low sales of the federation's magazine Bodybuilding Lifestyle (which later became WDF magazine), and the high costs of producing two television shows and publishing a monthly magazine.

Bodybuilding as an Olympic sport

At the beginning of 2000, the International Federation of Bodybuilders & Fitness (English) Russian. tried to give bodybuilding the status of an Olympic sport, due to the fact that in 2000 this organization received full membership in the International Olympic Committee. Thus, the IFBB sought to establish bodybuilding as a full-fledged sport at the Olympic Games. This, however, did not happen, since many do not recognize bodybuilding as a sport.

History of origin

It is believed that bodybuilding in its original form originated in Ancient Greece, when entertaining performances with the participation of several warriors were organized for emperors. For such shows, athletic men were always chosen, capable of frightening rivals with just their appearance.

Nowadays, bodybuilding is a trend in sports that is increasingly gaining popularity among young people of all countries. In the United States, the heyday of bodybuilding was in the 50s and 60s. This was greatly influenced by the famous American bodybuilder (this is the same as bodybuilder) Charles Atlas, who is the creator of the theory of bodybuilding. It was he who developed many exercises that promote weight gain and increase muscle mass. He founded his own company dedicated to the development of bodybuilding, as well as the promotion of bodybuilders in the modeling business.

Bodybuilding in the USSR and Russia

Traditionally, displays of physique and strength in the USSR were associated with the circus. Thus, in 1948, a physique beauty contest was held in the Tchaikovsky Concert Hall in Moscow, the winner of which was the famous circus acrobat Alexander Shirai[3].

In the USSR, bodybuilding was not banned, however, it did not have state support, so it was mainly practiced in the so-called “rocking chairs” (amateur gyms, usually in basements maintained by enthusiasts). The first bodybuilding gym in the Soviet Union opened in 1962 in Leningrad; “rocking gyms” began to open en masse from the late 1960s throughout the country [4][5][6]. With the support of local leadership, the administration of gyms and cultural centers, amateur tournaments were held[7]. In 1968, the first open “All-Siberian Athleticism Competition” was held in Tyumen, and the second competition in 1969 became the first in the USSR with the participation of foreigners[5].

In February 1971, the first unofficial USSR Championship was held in Severodvinsk, first place was taken by Severodvinsk athlete Alexander Lemekhov, second place by Vladimir Dubinin from Leningrad, third place by Vladimir Khomulev from Severodvinsk.

On February 26-28, 1972, the second USSR Championship was held there, which consisted of a competition in strength disciplines and a bodybuilding competition. The strength competition program, which consisted of bench press and squats, resulted in the following results:

Before the bodybuilding competition, participants had to swim 50 meters freestyle in 45 seconds.
The floor program and muscle development competitions were held in accordance with the IFBB competition rules. The results are as follows: Category up to 168 cm:

1. Vladimir Lipyanen (Leningrad);
2. Boris Zhitkov (Kaliningrad);
3. Dmitry Chanev (Severodvinsk).

Category up to 175 cm:

1. Valdas Alabavicius (Vilnius);
2. Sergey Kizin (Leningrad), he was deprived of his gold medal for failure to meet the swimming standard;
3. Alexander Nikiforov (Astrakhan).

Categories over 175 cm:

1. Vladimir Dubinin (Leningrad);
2. Alexander Lemekhov (Severodvinsk);
3. Vladimir Khomulev (Severodvinsk).

In the team championship, the hosts of the tournament, the Severodvinsk team, received the first place, receiving the White Sea Cup, the second place went to the Leningrad team, and the third place went to Moscow. The chairman of the bodybuilding federation of the city of Severodvinsk, Vladimir Khomulev, was awarded the diploma “For the promotion and development of bodybuilding in the USSR” by the editors of the magazine “Sporting Life of Russia”[8].

With the beginning of perestroika, bodybuilding became a very popular, rapidly developing sport. On August 11, 1987, the USSR Athletic Federation was founded[9].

In 1988, the first USSR Cup in floor exercises among men was held in Leningrad under the patronage of the USSR State Sports Committee. The first official USSR championship in athletics was held on May 26-28 of the same year, also in Leningrad, with the following results: in the weight category up to 65 kg - Alexander Shumlyansky (Ukraine), up to 70 kg - Valery Bogdanovich (Belarus), up to 80 kg - Vincas Dubitskas (Lithuania), up to 90 kg - Georgy Mosalev (Moscow) and over 90 kg - Richard Petrauskas (Lithuania). In the team competition, first place was won by the national team of bodybuilders of the Ukrainian SSR, second by Lithuanian and third by Leningrad athletes[3].

In 1988, athletes from the USSR took part in the World Bodybuilding Championships in Australia for the first time: Valery Bogdanovich (Minsk), Stanislav Polyakov (Riga) and Alexander Vasin (Leningrad), taking fourth place in the team competition. During these competitions, the Soviet Union was admitted to the International Federation of Bodybuilding IFBB[3]. In June 1988, the USSR was visited by IFBB President Ben Wider, who noted during the visit: “I believe that, due to special national traditions, bodybuilding will become the dominant sport in the USSR. When this happens, Soviet bodybuilding will become the main driving force of this sport throughout the world."[9]

In 1989, international success came to domestic bodybuilding: Belarusian Nikolai Shilo became the European champion in the category up to 65 kg, and our Stanislav Polyakov was fifth in the category up to 70 kg, and the Soviet team debuted first place in team posing. In the same year, the first international tournament “Grand Prix Tyumen-89” was held in Tyumen[5][6].

On April 26-29, 1990, the European Bodybuilding Championships were held in Leningrad. Ain Paavo became the European champion in the up to 90 kg category. The Soviet team took first place in team posing[3].

Now only three Russian professionals Alexey Lesukov, Sergey Shelestov and Evgeny Mishin take part in international tournaments of the highest category. In 2008, Sergei Shelestov took 17th place at the Mr. Olympia competition. His result was repeated by Evgeny Mishin in 2010. Other professionals: the Mr. Universe tournament (NABBA) - in 2005 the winner was Sergei Ogorodnikov, in 2009 - Alexey Netesanov. Among amateurs in 2014, Alexey Yurchenko was a finalist - 5th place.

Female bodybuilding: conclusions

To increase the strength of joints during strength sports, we can recommend the Dandelion P . This is a unique remedy that helps restore the chondrocyte layer of joints and prevent arthrosis.

One can argue endlessly about what is more in female bodybuilding – beauty or ugliness. However, as we see, this sports discipline does not stand still, constantly developing and improving. Therefore, in this case there is only one dilemma - are you satisfied with your physical form or do you want to achieve something more.

Types of bodybuilding

Eight-time Mr. Olympia Ronnie Coleman in 2009.

Professional bodybuilding

In the modern bodybuilding industry, a professional is usually defined as a bodybuilder who has won qualifying competitions as an amateur and earned a "Pro Card" from the IFBB. Holders of this card receive the right to compete in professional tournaments, for example, the Arnold Classic and the Night of Champions. In turn, the high results shown in such competitions give them the opportunity to participate in the Mr. Olympia competition. The title "Mr. Olympia" is the highest award in the field of professional bodybuilding.

Bodybuilding “without chemicals”

There are also organizations that promote so-called “natural” bodybuilding. These include:

• North American Natural Bodybuilding Federation (NANBF)[10];
• "The International Natural Bodybuilding & Fitness Federation" (INBFF)[11];
• Australasian Natural Bodybuilding Association (ANBA)[12];
• International Natural Bodybuilding Association (INBA)[13];
• Natural Physique Association (NPD);

These associations promote bodybuilding without the use of anabolic steroids and pharmacological agents. Adherents of “chemical-free” bodybuilding believe that their method is more focused on a healthy lifestyle and natural competition.

Female bodybuilding

Main article: Female bodybuilding

The first American Women's National Phisique Championship was held in Canton, Ohio in 1978 thanks to Henry McGee. This was the world's first women's competition where participants were judged solely on their muscles. Since then, many women's competitions have been held, the most prestigious of which is Miss Olympia. The first winner of the competition, held in 1980, was Rachel McLeish

[14].
Oksana
Grishina , a Russian bodybuilding and fitness athlete, became a three-time Arnold Classic champion in the Fitness category in the USA, also three-time in Spain, and one-time in Australia.[15] Grishina is the first and so far the only female athlete in Russia who won an IFBB card to participate in the IFBB Olympia competition, and also became a champion at world bodybuilding and fitness competitions.

Female bodybuilding - advantages

Let's consider the advantages of female bodybuilding from a physiological point of view. So, how can bodybuilding be useful for the fair half of humanity?

• They form a truly beautiful, toned figure . Of course, aerobic exercise is more effective in terms of getting rid of excess weight, but strength training allows you to maximize your natural beauty by achieving clearly defined muscle relief.
• Slow down the aging process . It’s no secret that after 40, a woman’s body undergoes significant changes, but, alas, not for the better. This happens due to hormonal imbalance, leading to early menopause, obesity, frequent mood swings and the development of age-related diseases. Bodybuilding improves metabolism, thereby allowing you to preserve beauty and youth for a long time.
• Increases physical endurance and strengthens immunity . In addition, it has been noted that women involved in bodybuilding are mentally more balanced and less susceptible to stress .
• By strengthening the back muscles, strength training contributes to the formation of correct posture .
• Working with heavy weights helps to correct the shape of the breasts and make them firmer. Of course, we are not talking about increasing volume here, since the presence of adipose tissue is responsible for the formation of curvaceous forms of the fair half of humanity. For this reason, women are not recommended to overuse drying. The norm of subcutaneous fat in the body of the fairer sex is 12 percent. A significant decrease in this indicator can seriously affect the functioning of the reproductive system.
• The muscles of the pelvic area and abdomen are strengthened , which is very important for the healthy bearing of a child, preventing stretch marks on the skin and facilitating the birth process. In addition, girls involved in bodybuilding are much easier to tolerate unpleasant symptoms during menstruation.

Muscle growth

Training

Main article: Strength training

Medicine recognizes that all people are the same in anatomical and physiological sense. With regard to bodybuilding, people's physiology does not change. The principles of effective training techniques are constant and scientifically accurate for everyone. Pluralism regarding the multiple methods of muscle building is not always justified and can be harmful to health.

Bodybuilding - training in the gym.

Although humans are the same physiologically and anatomically, muscles are known to be composed of “red” and “white” muscle fibers (muscle cells). The former are responsible for the possibility of long-term work (stayers), the latter - for short-term powerful work (sprinters). Since muscles contain both fibers, the muscles of different people differ in the ratio of these fibers. At the same time, the total number of fibers in one muscle of different people is not the same [16]. There are also known constitutional body types: Endomorph (from birth a lot of fat and some muscle), Ectomorph (from birth little muscle and little fat), Mesomorph (a lot of muscle and little fat).

Therefore, training methods can and should be different, because a person who wants to become a bodybuilding star does not know how many particular muscle fibers he has. It is through trial, error and self-observation that he identifies suitable load options for muscle growth. And it doesn’t matter whether white or red fibers predominate, the main thing is that these predominant fibers are loaded and grow. Although, of course, it is easier and faster to increase mass with white fibers, because the efficiency of their work depends on their thickness (the number of contractile proteins), and for red fibers - on other, more subtle factors (for example, the number of mitochondria in the cell).

Nutrition

Main articles: Sports nutrition

,
Nutritional supplements
,
Meal replacements
High rates of muscle recovery and growth require bodybuilders to follow a specialized diet. Bodybuilders require more calories than the average person of the same weight to provide protein and energy for training, recovery, and actual muscle growth. Reducing the level of dietary energy received in combination with cardiovascular exercise allows bodybuilders to lose excess fat, which is important in preparation for various competitions. The ratio of dietary energy obtained from carbohydrates, proteins and fats can vary depending on the bodybuilder's goals.

To properly build nutrition, it is not enough to determine only the calorie content of food; you also need to know which nutrients and in what quantity can provide this calorie content, that is, determine the qualitative composition of food. When 1 gram of proteins or carbohydrates is oxidized in the body, 4.1 kcal is formed, and when 1 gram of fat is oxidized, 9.3 kcal is formed. If necessary, carbohydrates and fats can partially replace each other; As for protein substances, they cannot be replaced by any other nutrients [17].

Meals

Protein shake (right) based on whey protein (English)Russian.
(center) and milk Main articles: Nutrition

,
Diet
On average, the average person eats three meals a day. Bodybuilders try to eat 5-7 times a day (every 2-3 hours). This method has two goals: increasing the metabolic rate, as well as preventing excessive insulin secretion caused by eating too much food at once. Many bodybuilders always carry a plastic container with food with them to minimize disruption of food intake. In a quality diet, the ratio should be as follows: carbohydrates - 50%; proteins - 30%; fat - 20% [18]

Squirrels

Main articles: Gainer (dietary supplement)

,
Proteins
Protein is the main building material of the body, which is necessary for the growth of muscle fibers and their restoration, and therefore bodybuilders pay special attention to its intake. A bodybuilder needs more protein than the average person. According to various estimates, he needs to consume 1.5-2 or more grams of protein per kilogram of weight, while protein should account for up to 25-30% of the total calorie intake[19]. The main sources of protein for bodybuilders are chicken, turkey, beef, pork, fish, eggs and high protein dairy products, as well as some nuts and legumes. In addition, many bodybuilders supplement their diet with various protein supplements, such as casein or whey protein.

Carbohydrates

Main article: Carbohydrates

The total energy value of the diet is calculated by adding together the energy components of proteins, carbohydrates and fats. The energy value of 1 gram of proteins is 4 kcal, carbohydrates are 4 kcal, fats are 9 kcal. The nature of metabolism involves the use of carbohydrates and fats as an energy source. Proteins are primarily a building material for the body; Carbohydrates can be synthesized from them when there is a lack of nutrition. The main sources of energy for the body are carbohydrates and fats. Moreover, depending on the type of physical activity, the body gives greater preference to either fats or carbohydrates. As for bodybuilding, carbohydrates are an uncompetitive source of energy. It is they who predetermine the general physiological tone of the bodybuilder and, ultimately, the success of his training.

Rest

Although stimulation of muscle growth occurs in the gym due to weight training, the growth itself occurs during rest. Without adequate rest and sleep, muscles do not have the opportunity to repair and grow. For full muscle growth, a bodybuilder needs about eight hours of sleep a night, although this figure is different for each person. In addition, many athletes take time to nap during the day, which further stimulates further muscle growth.

Overtraining

Main articles: Overtraining

,
Periodization
Too much load or too little rest period between workouts leads to overtraining[20]. If you start your next workout without enough rest, fatigue will accumulate. It is important to find the right rest period between workouts. On average, with three workouts per week there are 1-2 days of rest, with two - 2-3 days. Sometimes people need up to 9 days of rest between workouts.

Basic principles

The main principle of bodybuilding is to improve one's appearance until the athlete is satisfied and finds spiritual harmony with his body. But to improve and develop your abilities in this sport, a whole system has been invented, by adhering to which you can quickly become the owner of an ideal body:

1. Regular exercise in the gym involves physical exercise with weights (barbell, weights), which give a huge load to all muscle groups.
2. A well-thought-out diet containing not only healthy food, but also various steroid supplements, without which it is almost impossible to build muscle mass.
3. An individual training program that must be agreed upon with a personal trainer or fitness consultant.

Every aspiring athlete should learn the basics of bodybuilding, because, in essence, a bodybuilder is a person who knows the characteristics of his body and studies its capabilities.

Bodybuilding in popular culture

Many bodybuilders, during and after their career, begin to engage in various activities. Among the most popular professions among bodybuilders are actors, models, trainers, and strippers. Often the choice is made in favor of professions for which it is necessary to have beautiful external data or significant physical training. Today, many bodybuilders have achieved success outside of the competitive podium. In recent years, due to the spread of healthy lifestyle ideas, an amateur form of bodybuilding - fitness - has become popular. Bodybuilding is not only popular among young people; Today, competitions are held in different countries among various age categories, up to 80 years old. One of the most famous retired bodybuilders is the Japanese Tsutomu Tosaka.

The emergence of the Fitness Bikini category

Finally, in 2011, the youngest and lightest category, “ Fitness Bikini ,” appeared. It does not require participants to demonstrate mind-blowing forms. It is enough to have a harmoniously developed, slender figure, but without pronounced muscle relief. Girls go on stage in bright open swimsuits and high-heeled shoes. Expressive makeup and special makeup applied to the body complement the stage image of each participant. The most titled bikinist today is American Ashley Kaltwasser. She won the prestigious title twice.

An important feature of the “Fitness Bikini” category is that absolutely every girl can achieve success in it, regardless of her occupation and training experience. The main thing is to believe in yourself and want to change yourself for the better. One of these amazing stories of transformation happened in 2020, when a young mother from Penza, Maria Lukyanina, took 3rd place at the Fitness and Bodybuilding Cup among Russian cities in the “fitness bikini” category. As a participant in the reality project “Cult of the Body”, a simple housewife changed beyond recognition in just six months, providing worthy competition to experienced and titled participants.

This success became possible solely thanks to Masha’s perseverance and the Leveton Forte , which the fitness marathon participant used as a supplement to her main diet. "Leveton Forte" is a natural nutritional supplement created on the basis of plant components and beekeeping products, such as Leuzea safflower root, bee pollen and drone brood. Possessing anabolic, adaptogenic and antioxidant properties, it promotes a healthy gain of muscle mass, without fat deposits, and also helps to recover faster after heavy physical activity.

Notes

1. ↑ 1 2 Muller V.K.
   English-Russian dictionary. — 24th ed., revised. - Moscow: “Russian Language”, 1995.
2. Anabolic steroid
3. ↑ 1234
   “Strength martial arts” - L. S. Dvorkin
4. Gromov D.V. Lyubertsy street youth companies of the 1980s (inaccessible link - history
   ). Retrieved May 26, 2009. Archived January 30, 2009.
5. ↑ 123
   “The Phenomenon of Evgeniy Koltun” (inaccessible link). Magazine "Iron World"
6. ↑ 12
   “FORTY STEPS TO OLYMPUS” - Parliamentary newspaper “Tyumenskie Izvestia”
7. "Culturism in the USSR." Kalinin, House of Culture "Khimvolokno", 1973
8. 2nd USSR Bodybuilding Championship
9. ↑ 12
   Soviet bodybuilding (inaccessible link)
10. www.nanbf.org - North American Natural Bodybuilding Federation.
11. www.inbf.net - “The International Natural Bodybuilding & Fitness Federation”.
12. www.anb.com.au - "Australasian Natural Bodybuilding Association".
13. www.naturalbodybuilding.com - “International Natural Bodybuilding Association”.
14. “The History of Bodybuilding” (inaccessible link - history
    ). Retrieved February 28, 2010. Archived May 6, 2010.
15. OKSANA GRISHINA - SportWiki encyclopedia
16. Health magazine No. 11, 1984
17. Chief editor of the Great Medical Encyclopedia of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences.
    Section "Nutrition". // Popular medical encyclopedia / Chapter. ed. F. N. Petrov, A. F. Sirenko. - 7th stereotypical. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969. - P. 595. - 924 p. — 150,000 copies. — ISBN T-08432.
18. [1]
19. Lambert CP, Frank LL, Evans WJ. Macronutrient considerations for the sport of bodybuilding. Sports Med
    . 2004;34(5):317-27. PMID 15107010
20. Russindragon.org - “The Harm of Bodybuilding”