Causes of ligament tears and sprains

Severity of sprain

Doctors distinguish 3 stages of stretching, characterizing the degree of divergence of fibers, including their complete rupture:

I degree – moderate. The easiest stage, which does not require specific treatment, only complete rest for 1-2 weeks and no heavy physical activity.
II degree – mild pain. A moderate sprain that resolves within 3-6 weeks after injury.
III degree – rupture of the rectus abdominis muscle. The most severe form, requiring long-term treatment. The symptoms are very strong: pain, swelling, and inability to move. With pathology, the press jumper ruptures. Recovery may take 1 to 3 months after surgery.

The prognosis for all these conditions is favorable if the patient takes care of his health and does not perform heavy physical activity during rehabilitation. Stage III pathology is the most difficult to restore.

What is abdominal peritonitis and methods of treating the disease?

1Pathogenesis of the disease
2Etiology and classification of pathology
3Therapeutic actions
4Special diet
5Disease prevention

1Pathogenesis of the disease

What are the symptoms of peritonitis? With this serious disease, the first thing that appears is acute pain in the abdomen, constant tension in the abdominal muscles, which intensifies at the site of the inflammatory process. The patient's general health sharply deteriorates, pallor, nausea, and reflex vomiting appear, which does not bring relief to the patient, and his facial features become sharper.

Symptoms of a sprain

Hematoma with severe damage to the abdominal muscle

If there are no microtears in the muscle fibers, the signs of the disorder are blurred and not too intense. If there are small tears in muscle tissue, the pain intensifies. The most common symptoms of a strained rectus abdominis muscle include:

spasms and twitching of muscle tissue;
increasing pain at the site of palpation;
discomfort in the area of the damaged muscle;
severe pain when straining the peritoneum or trying to bend;
swelling and hematomas with severe damage and rupture.

If the latter signs are present, you should immediately consult a doctor. Lack of treatment for ruptures leads to deterioration of health and improper healing of damaged tissues.

Symptoms of abdominal muscle strain vary significantly and depend not only on the degree, but also on the cause of the injury. If you have severe pain, do not exercise with the idea that the symptom is caused by lactic acid production.

Muscle rupture

Muscle rupture today is divided into closed and open, partial and complete. In order to be able to prevent the formation of a muscle tear, it is necessary to become more familiar with the various reasons that can lead to the occurrence of such an injury.

Today, most often, muscle rupture occurs as a result of receiving chopped and cut wounds, and of course, with closed wounds, which may include receiving a fairly strong and sharp blow or performing a sudden movement.

It is possible that a rupture may form not only in the muscle itself, but also in the area where it smoothly passes into the tendon. In the event that such an injury occurs in elderly people, then the second option is most common; therefore, the rupture occurs in the area of the transition of the muscle itself with the tendon. The fact is that at the age of over 30 years, certain degenerative processes begin to develop in the human body.

It is worth considering the fact that muscle rupture is a rather severe and complex disease, which can occur when the muscle itself contracts very quickly or in the presence of a pathological stretch. If this is the case, then a complete rupture of the muscle fibers occurs. There is a violation of the natural integrity of the muscle mass itself, as a result of which in the future the functioning of the muscle itself is completely impossible.
Today, there are a number of certain diseases, in the presence of which a serious disruption in the natural structure of muscle fibers is possible. Such diseases may include typhoid fever, diphtheria and many others. If a person has such diseases, then there is a possibility that a muscle rupture may occur even if a fairly light blow is received.

As a result, the process of restoring the natural functional ability of the injured muscle can take quite a long period of time. If an extensive muscle rupture occurs, then there is a high risk that complete healing of the injured muscle will not occur.

Taking into account how many fibers were injured today, muscle ruptures differ. For example, if the entire belly of the muscle is injured, then such a rupture will be called complete. And when only some of the muscle fibers are damaged, it is partial.

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If the entire belly of the muscle is damaged, then it will almost completely lose its natural ability to contract, but if the victim performs even the slightest movement of the injured muscle, then quite severe and sharp pain will appear. If a partial muscle rupture occurs, the damage will not be as noticeable, but at the same time, when trying to perform even a minimal muscle contraction, the victim will experience severe pain.

It is worth remembering that a muscle rupture requires immediate and proper treatment, as such an injury can lead to serious complications.

In the event that the victim received incorrect treatment or there was no treatment at all and self-treatment was carried out, the most favorable outcome will be a long period of restoration of proper muscle performance. But another development option may occur, in which a chronic defect is formed, which will be quite difficult to eliminate, and in some cases, surgical intervention does not help.

It is very important that the doctor can correctly distinguish a muscle tear from a microtear, which is quite common in professional athletes. The fact is that muscle microtear is a completely normal phenomenon that manifests itself in athletes, since as a result of too frequent contraction of part of the muscle fibers, they will be injured.

Quite often, people who constantly work out in the gym experience an injury such as a torn calf muscle. This injury most often occurs in swimmers and runners. A more rare injury would be a tear in the pectoralis, thigh, and biceps muscles.

Causes of sprains

Excessive twisting during exercise can strain your abdominal muscles.

Any overexertion in combination with poor physical fitness and weak abdominal muscles can provoke a sprain. But even among athletes, these injuries do not always occur from tension, but from simple fatigue. Inappropriate temperature conditions—exercising in the cold—can also provoke a violation. The main reasons include:

in women, this is pregnancy, because when carrying a child, severe stretching occurs, which persists for several months;
constant lifting of heavy things - leads to pathology in men more often than in women;
excessive twisting of the torso;
too heavy physical activity, especially for unprepared people who decide to start bodybuilding by lifting 10 kg weights;
improper physical activity - ignoring the technique of performing certain exercises;
lack of warming up of muscle tissue before starting sports activities;
weak muscle corset due to a sedentary lifestyle or genetic abnormalities.

Identifying the cause in the case of muscle tissue strain is not as difficult as identifying the source of diseases of the internal organs. However, to make an accurate diagnosis, it is important to fully understand the conditions and events that led to the injury.

Symptoms of abdominal muscle strain

In the vast majority of cases, the symptoms of abdominal muscle strain are not specific and are often confused with bruises and other types of soft tissue injuries.

It should be noted that even a qualified traumatologist cannot always independently identify the type of pathological process, not to mention the degree of its severity, based on external manifestations using palpation.

A prerequisite for making a final diagnosis is the conduct of instrumental research techniques, including ultrasound, if necessary, radiography, computed tomography or MRI.

Symptoms of abdominal muscle strain in men and women:

The appearance of pain syndrome . It can vary over a fairly wide range, from slight pain to acute spasms that do not go away even at rest;
Swelling. It is formed at the location of the injured muscles, respectively, on the left or right side of the abdominal wall;
Hematomas and internal hemorrhages. Characteristic of moderate and severe forms of damage to muscle structures. Mild sprains usually do not appear;
Secondary spasms . They can develop against the background of severe pain, damage to nerve endings and other factors, and accordingly spread to neighboring soft structures.

First aid in case of violation

Rules for applying a bandage to the stomach

If symptoms of stretching or tearing of the abdominal fascia appear, it is necessary to provide the patient with suitable conditions and immediately send him to a doctor:

lay in a horizontal position and achieve comfort so that the abdominal muscles are relaxed, but do not allow it to be placed on a soft and sagging surface;
fix the area of injury - the patient’s arms should lie along the body, and a thick cushion of fabric or towel should be placed under the lower back, but not longer than 30 cm;
you need to fix the damaged area - wrap the bandage around the groin, navel, under the diaphragm, but not too tightly;
You can take a pain reliever and apply a cold compress if the pain is too severe.

You need to get up from this position gradually, rolling onto your side so as not to strain your abdominal muscles too much.

Diagnosis is carried out by a surgeon, the main method is palpation of the damaged area. Ultrasound is especially effective in cases where a person is overweight or has fat deposits in the abdominal area.

Treatment of pathology

Cold compresses can be used to relieve pain

You can engage in therapy after the doctor prescribes the appropriate procedures. Independent attempts to eliminate pain and sprains without consulting a specialist will not help solve the problem. There are special treatment regimens used by doctors in accordance with the assigned degree of stretching:

physical exercise is indicated only after the elimination of painful symptoms, but not earlier than 2 weeks after injury;
to relieve pain in grade 1-2 disorders, you can use cold compresses, which are applied to the damaged area for a maximum of 20 minutes;
it is important to monitor the rest and work schedule, especially if the work involves being on your feet for a long time;
the main point in treatment is to get rid of sudden movements and heavy lifting, and categorically not to do them if muscle tissue is damaged;
You should not give up NSAIDs in case of severe pain, they lead to the formation of additional spasms;
physical exercises should be aimed at gradually stretching muscle fibers, and then strengthening them.

If after injury the pain does not go away or intensifies within 2 days, you should consult a doctor.

Treatment of all degrees of injury to the muscle fibers of the abdominal area may include medications, therapeutic exercise and physical therapy. Microwave, ultraviolet, mud therapy and electrical stimulation relieve inflammation and restore damaged tissue.

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