Organic antidepressants help maintain health and cope with bad mood. One of them is tyrosine. The substance is widely used in medical practice as a neurotransmitter and mild psychostimulant. From this article you will learn what tyrosine is and what it is needed for, get information about its signs of deficiency, excess and interactions with other medications.
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General information
Tyrosine (2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid) is a conditionally essential amino acid from the aromatic category. The Latin name of the substance is L-Tyrosine.
The nutrient was first discovered in 1846, when the German scientist Justus von Liebig isolated it from casein, found in cheese and meat liquids. The substance received the name tyrosine in 1857 - it comes from the Greek word tyros (cheese). At the same time, scientists discovered that the enzyme is contained in all fermented milk and some plant products.
Interesting! Later it became known that the amino acid is part of the proteins of all living organisms, can act as an anti-stress compound and prevent memory problems caused by depression.
Tyrosine enters the body with food or is synthesized from phenylalanine. The substance forms such active compounds as melanin, norepinephrine, thyroid hormones - triiodothyronine and thyroxine, DOPA, adrenaline, dopamine.
Disorders of amino acid metabolism cause some hereditary diseases. Thus, with phenylketonuria, the process of converting phenylalanine into tyrosine suffers, which is why an excess amount of the first and its derivatives is created in the body. With hereditary pathology - alkaptonuria - the activity of the homogentisate decreases. The result of the abnormal reaction is the accumulation of homogentisic acid and deterioration in the quality of connective tissue. Another rare disease is hepatorenal tyrosinemia, which also occurs against the background of impaired tyrosine catabolism.
Composition of the drug and sources of tyrosine
L-tyrosine as a dietary supplement usually contains 500 mg of active ingredient, which completely compensates for the lack of the component in the body in a few weeks of use. The capsule also contains other additional substances that maintain the desired size, shape, weight and taste of the dietary supplement - magnesium stearate and stearic acid.
In what foods can you find tyrosine? The amino acid is found in foods rich in proteins. To replenish the reserves of the substance in the body, you need to include in your diet:
- turkey;
- chicken;
- avocado;
- dairy products;
- almond;
- fish;
- peanut;
- pumpkin seeds;
- beans;
- sesame;
- bananas;
- soy
In addition, the main share of tyrosine occurs in the metabolism of phenylalanine. This amino acid cannot remain unchanged in the body, since its accumulation leads to pathology of the nervous system and dysfunction of other organs. It turns into a useful amino acid. Therefore, tyrosine is a unique product of phenylalanine metabolism. As a result, there is a very low probability of a situation with a lack of L-tyrosine in the body.
Physicochemical characteristics
The structure of tyrosine is not much different from other α-amino acids that make up proteins. The substance has L- and D-isomers, and also exists in the form of the DL configuration (racemate). But only L-tyrosine has biological activity and is part of proteins.
Chemical formula of the enzyme: C₉H₁₁NO₃
Photo - Structural formula of tyrosine
According to the formula, it is clear that the amino acid contains a phenolic hydroxyl group OH−, which is the site of attack of protein kinases that regulate cell growth and apoptosis (death process).
In its pure form, tyrosine is a crystalline powder with a melting point of 343 ° C and a molar mass of 181.19 g/mol. The enzyme is highly soluble in water, quickly comes into contact with ethanol, but does not interact with diethyl ether. It also readily forms salts with both acids and alkalis.
Tyrosine in sports: a means for endurance
According to many athletes, has serious prospects in sports Experts are sure that this is a good remedy for endurance . Therefore, it makes sense for anyone who subjects themselves to grueling training to take the conditionally essential amino acid tyrosine . It is also recommended for those on a low protein diet.
Today, this substance is included in dietary supplements and pre-workout drinks. We can recommend to athletes the vitamin complex "Leveton Forte", containing bee pollen - pollen and drone brood. The supplement contains more than 30 amino acids, including tyrosine. This is an effective tool for increasing the performance of athletes.
Role and metabolism in the human body
The body needs tyrosine for the normal functioning of the thyroid gland, adrenal glands and pituitary gland, the formation of red and white blood cells, and the production of melanin. In addition to these functions, the substance is a precursor to most neurotransmitters.
Attention! Research has shown that a non-essential amino acid can be beneficial in situations such as physical exhaustion, fatigue, lack of sleep, and nervous shock. It improves the cognitive properties of the brain, increases performance, reduces stress hormone levels and prevents weight loss caused by depression.
Under normal conditions, tyrosine increases the concentration of dopamine, thyroxine and norepinephrine in the plasma, improves mood, and promotes proper metabolism. Research conducted in 2014 by Lawrence Colzato confirmed the effect of the amino acid on mental activity, speed of perception, analysis, return and memorization of various information.
The experiment compared the success of people who took a dietary supplement with tyrosine and those who drank a placebo. The first group of subjects was distinguished by unusual creative thinking, quickly came up with extraordinary solutions and collected disparate parts of the overall picture of events, i.e. they showed divergent thinking.
Other functions of tyrosine:
- localization of attacks of restlessness and anxiety;
- decreased appetite;
- increased performance, social activity, mental energy;
- skin rejuvenation;
- improved mood;
- prevention of psychological disorders.
A lack of tyrosine can cause significant harm to the body:
- worsen the functioning of the thyroid gland;
- lower blood pressure;
- cause signs of muscle weakness;
- rapidly increase body weight;
- provoke the appearance of nervousness;
- promote hair loss.
In children with amino acid deficiency, cases of hyperactivity, problems with adaptation, and disruption of mental and physiological processes are observed.
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L-Tyrosine[edit | edit code]
| What is tyrosine | |
| Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid, so it can be synthesized by the body independently, without additional sources. However, it can be obtained with high-protein foods: chicken, turkey, fish, soybeans, peanuts, almonds, dairy products. Tyrosine is used in the production of proteins, and it also has an important function as a precursor to neurotransmitters such as dopamine and epinephrine. | |
| Action: | |
| Tyrosine is an important precursor to the neurotransmitter dopamine. Dopamine and the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptophan) are antagonists. When serotonin levels are high relative to dopamine, we feel tired and less motivated. If the level of dopamine increases, the feeling of fatigue decreases and motivation increases. It has been suggested that supplementing with tyrosine during long-term exercise can normalize the balance of dopamine and serotonin, thereby reducing fatigue and increasing performance. | |
| Role in bodybuilding: | |
| Supplementing with tyrosine during exercise can increase the endurance of athletes involved in intense sports. | |
| Research: | |
| In 2002, Chinevere and colleagues[1] studied the effect of tyrosine supplementation on cyclists during a 90-minute ride at a moderate pace. The athletes received 25 mg of tyrosine per kilogram of body weight. The exercise was carried out under moderate conditions. Tyrosine had no significant effect on performance. Other studies have used a well-known drug, bupropion, to increase dopamine levels during exercise. Interestingly, bupropion improved athlete performance when it was provided under warm conditions (30°C [86°F]) compared to results that were obtained under moderate conditions (18°C [64°F])[2] . In 2011, a group of scientists obtained an 11% increase in endurance performance when taking tyrosine under temperature conditions (30°C [86°F]). Although performance was improved, there is no evidence of differences in body temperature and heart rate. More research is needed to confirm these results, however, it has been reported that tyrosine supplementation in warm conditions and during long-term training may improve performance. | |
| Dosages: | |
| Tyrosine can be found in various forms, most readily available in tablet and powder form. It is difficult to name the recommended dosage for use. In a 2011 study[3], cyclists used a dose of 150 mg per kilogram of body weight one hour before exercise. For a 64 kg athlete this would be equivalent to 9.5 grams, for a 100 kg athlete the dosage would be 15 grams. Tyrosine is sometimes recommended for the treatment of depression; the recommended dosage for this disease is 0.5 - 1 gram three times a day. | |
| Side effects: | |
| Within recommended dosages, tyrosine is a safe drug. The toxic dose for the body is 5 grams per kilogram of body weight, which is 375 grams for a 75-kilogram athlete. |
L-Tyrosine
- a non-essential amino acid that is part of tissue proteins. L-tyrosine is a precursor to the neurotransmitter dopamine and the adrenal hormones adrenaline and norepinephrine. [4]
In the body, L-tyrosine can be synthesized from phenylalanine. Food sources of L-tyrosine: meat, grains, seafood.
Biological effects of L-tyrosine[edit | edit code]
L-tyrosine helps athletes avoid overtraining due to its ability to eliminate fatigue and increase endurance.[5] As a precursor to dopamine, tyrosine can improve mental focus and exercise technique, improving well-being and mood. [6]
During aerobic training, L-tyrosine helps preserve muscle tissue from the destructive effects of catabolic processes. Thus, the amino acid L-tyrosine can be used as a component of sports nutrition to burn fat and preserve muscles. The effectiveness of use in bodybuilding has not been proven.
Daily requirement
The dosage of the amino acid depends on the therapeutic goals . The scientific literature usually indicates a prophylactic dose for healthy people. It averages 100 mg of the substance per kilogram of weight for an adult.
Dietary supplement manufacturers recommend consuming 500 to 1,500 mg of tyrosine per day, divided into 2-3 doses.
For various diseases, the daily amount of tyrosine may be greater. The required dosage and frequency of use in this case is determined by the doctor.
Table 1 - Daily amount of nutrient for various conditions
| Indications for use | Tyrosine norm |
| Insomnia | 1500 mg in the afternoon and before bed |
| Depression, stress, nervous disorder | From 0.5 to 1 g three times a day |
| Phenylketonuria | The dose is calculated according to the formula - 6 g of substance per 100 g of absorbed protein |
There is an opinion that to achieve the best effect in the treatment of severe forms of depression, a drug based on the nutrient should be taken with herbal infusions of chamomile, mint or St. John's wort.
To accurately determine the level of tyrosine in the body, a urine test for amino acids is performed. An average portion of morning urine is collected in a clean container and sent for examination using liquid chromatography. One day before the test, you should not drink alcohol, and you should avoid taking diuretics 48 hours before the test.
Normal levels of tyrosine (TYR) in adults are in the range of 18-180 mg (10-100 µmol), in children - 0-20 mg or 0-11 µmol.
How to take tyrosine
According to clinical studies, the daily intake of tyrosine is no more than 12 g per day, which is approximately 150 mg per 1 kg of body weight. The average dose for healthy people varies between 1-5 g. The use of tyrosine in this amount is quite enough for the amino acid to fully perform its functions.
Increased dosage required:
- if you are overweight;
- abnormalities in the functioning of the thyroid gland;
- tendency to depression;
- hyperactivity.
An even increased dose of tyrosine is recommended for women during PMS and for people who are involved in heavy physical labor or regularly play sports. Also, an increased dose can be taken before any stressful event or activity where concentration and attention are required.
How to take tyrosine correctly:
- To increase absorption by the body, combine with B vitamins: B1, B2, B3, B6, as well as ascorbic acid. In the latter case, the additive can simply be dissolved in orange juice.
- To enhance the effect on the nervous system, combine with decoctions of medicinal herbs: chamomile, mint, valerian, St. John's wort, lemon balm.
We recommend: “Vitamins for athletes: a review indicating benefits and dosage.”
When to take tyrosine during the day: It is better to take it on an empty stomach without food, as it can impair the absorption of the amino acid. It is recommended to take it in the morning, as tyrosine promotes alertness and reduces drowsiness.
The amino acids tyrosine and tryptophan are often taken together. Their complex helps prevent so-called professional burnout and fight stress even more actively.
We advise: “What are the benefits of tryptophan for the body.”
And also: “What is 5-HTP needed for and its connection with tryptophan.”
Natural springs
Tyrosine, which is released in the body from phenylalanine, is found in animal products. There is a lot of it in fermented milk products and some plants.
Table 2 – Amino acid content in natural sources
| Products | Amount of tyrosine, mg/100 g |
| Hard cheese (Dutch) | 1407 |
| Soy flour | 1306 |
| Pumpkin seeds | 1000 |
| Processed cheese | 937 |
| Chicken | 896 |
| Fat cottage cheese | 875 |
| Beef | 795 |
| Sesame | 710 |
| Eggs | 652 |
| Beans | 484 |
| Tofu | 405 |
| Rye bread | 375 |
| Milk | 175 |
| Full fat kefir | 155 |
When composing a menu rich in amino acids, it should be taken into account that unprocessed meat contains one third and 50% less tyrosine than fried and stewed meat. When smoking animal products, the amount of tyrosine in them is reduced by 15%.
A diet high in carbohydrates is also unable to provide the body with sufficient amounts of nutrients. To compensate for the deficiency, it is necessary to supplement the diet with an accessible form in the form of nutritional supplements.
You will learn about what other foods contain amino acids from the video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q_4G3qYo2rk&feature=emb_logo
L-tyrosine dosage
To enhance mental performance or mitigate the effects of stress, a single daily dose of 500-2000 mg of L-tyrosine is safe and effective.
pills
Tyrosine supplements are also available as N-acetyl-L-tyrosine or NALT. It is a modified form of L-tyrosine that has an acetyl group attached to the tyrosine molecule to increase bioavailability. NALT is more soluble than the standard form. But it has a slower conversion rate in the body, so larger doses may be required. Both forms of supplement provide the same features and benefits.
Indications for use
Tyrosine is recommended to be taken as an organic antidepressant in difficult life situations, with childhood hyperactivity, insomnia, fatigue, panic attacks and anxiety.
Other indications for use:
- PMS and menopause;
- Parkinson's disease (amino acid increases dopamine levels in the blood and brain);
- adrenal dysfunction;
- hypothyroidism;
- vegetative-vascular dystonia;
- impaired memory and concentration due to stress;
- excess weight;
- alcohol or drug addiction;
- metabolic disorder;
- polio;
- instability of the nervous system;
- vitiligo.
The nutrient is indicated for athletes during intense training to relieve muscle tension and quickly recover after exercise, as well as to increase motivation.
The amino acid protects brain cells and the central nervous system from the damaging effects of toxins, reduces the effects of hypoxia and circulatory disorders. For older people, the nutrient helps restore the sleep-wake pattern, increase the body's resistance, reduce fatigue, improve brain activity, and improve the quality of life.
Interesting! In pregnant women suffering from phenylketonuria, the amino acid can prevent congenital defects of the fetus, the formation of intrauterine damage to heart structures, and low baby weight.
However, studies conducted in 2009 and published in the journal Molecular Genetics and Metabolism showed that exceeding the daily intake of the substance can adversely affect the health of the mother and child. Therefore, pregnant women must take dietary supplements in consultation with their doctor.
Other beneficial functions of tyrosine include anti-aging and regenerating properties. Enzyme-based preparations restore skin tone, slow down the appearance of the first age-related changes, improve complexion and promote an even tan.
Benefits for the thyroid gland
The amino acid, like iodine, is a necessary component for the normal functioning of the thyroid gland. However, if used incorrectly, tyrosine can suppress organ activity.
Under normal conditions, the nutrient stimulates the production of thyroid hormones, helps to lose weight and prevents the development of hypothyroidism or alleviates its course. The amino acid is slowly eliminated from the body, so the amount needed to maintain the concentration of active substances is retained for a long time.
Attention! The tyrosine replacement therapy regimen is selected individually and depends on the severity of the condition. All prescriptions and recommendations are made only by a doctor. People with thyroid diseases should not self-medicate.
Beneficial features
Improves mood
It increases dopamine levels. In the brain, dopamine functions as a neurotransmitter that facilitates daily activities, pleasure, memory and concentration. Normal levels of dopamine help a person feel more relaxed and alert, increasing mental focus. []
Increases energy
It helps increase energy levels and reduce memory problems caused by fatigue and hormonal (adrenal and thyroid) deficiency.
The adrenal glands convert tyrosine into adrenaline and norepinephrine, which stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. The thyroid gland also uses this amino acid to produce thyroxine, a hormone that controls the body's basic metabolism.
Through these two actions, L-Tyrosine influences important metabolic processes that control energy balance, storage and expenditure of micronutrients. It promotes gluconeogenesis and lipolysis, which help lower cholesterol and increase fat loss. []
Increases concentration
Everyday brain activity and stress deplete norepinephrine in the brain, causing memory, attention, and intelligence to suffer.
L-Tyrosine counteracts working memory biases and processing deficits caused by environmental influences and extreme cognitive demands. Studies have shown that participants taking L-Tyrosine perform better on complex tasks that require increased focus. []
Tyrosine for ADHD
ADHD is a disorder of attention deficit hyperactivity, the main cause of which is a lack of dopamine. Most prescription medications for ADHD stimulate the release of dopamine and norepinephrine.
Since L-Tyrosine is a precursor of dopamine and promotes the production of adrenaline and norepinephrine, its addition to treatment can be considered quite effective. Research shows that more than half of subjects experience a decrease in negative symptoms. []
Slows down hair graying and gives a healthy tan
Gray hair is an aging-related feature of the body that depends on the presence or absence of a pigment called melanin. Melanin is produced in melanocytes, special cells in the skin. The availability of this pigment depends on the natural color of the skin and hair. L-Tyrosine is converted to melanin through a strictly controlled process in melanocytes. Tyrosine deficiency can lead to premature or accelerated graying of hair and skin pigmentation.
Contraindications and precautions
The amino acid has a serious impact on the course of life processes, so it is not suitable for everyone. There are a number of contraindications for which the supplement should not be taken:
- pregnancy and lactation (unless there are special indications);
- hypertension;
- individual intolerance to the substance;
- schizophrenia;
- treatment with antidepressants.
Children and adolescents are not prohibited from drinking tyrosine, but the intake must be agreed with a pediatrician.
Tyrosine: deficiency
A lack of tyrosine leads to disruption of the most important processes occurring in the body. The consequences of a long-term lack of this amino acid include:
- drop in blood pressure and body temperature;
- lethargy, drowsiness, feeling tired;
- depression;
- uncontrolled weight gain for no apparent reason.
Chronic deficiency of L-tyrosine can lead to severe physical and mental impairment. That is why it is so important to monitor the quantitative intake of this amino acid, and if the first signs of its deficiency appear, take immediate action.
Release forms
As food supplements, the amino acid is produced as an independent dietary supplement or in combination with other nutrients. The most available forms of release are capsules, tablets and powder. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages.
Table 3 - Tyrosine release options
| Dosage form | pros | Minuses |
| Capsules | Convenient to receive. The daily dosage is calculated quickly and easily | Takes a long time to digest. Not all patients can swallow large capsules |
| Pills | The most common form of the drug. There is no need to dose anything - everything has already been done by the manufacturer | They have a low concentration of the active substance and additional components that can cause allergies. Long absorbed |
| Powder | Quickly absorbed, does not contain excipients, therefore safer than other forms | Before use, measure the required amount and dissolve in water or juice. |
When choosing the optimal release form, you should focus on preferences and ease of use . If you have problems swallowing tablets and capsules, it is better to take the powder. The same option is suitable for children. If you want to save money, you should pay attention to tablets. They are cheaper and easy to use.
Digestibility
The body will better absorb the amino acid if:
- take on an empty stomach in combination with vitamins B1, , , , (you can dilute tyrosine with fresh orange juice) and in combination with the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase;
- drink together with St. John's wort, valerian, lemon balm, chamomile, mint (in this case, the effect on the nervous system increases).
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Dosage and regimen
Adults can safely take 500 to 1000 mg (1-3 tablets) of amino acid per day. For children, the dose is determined by the doctor. Tyrosine should be consumed 20-30 minutes before meals, washed down with sweet and sour (apple or orange) juice. The duration of therapy is from three weeks to 3 months.
Table 4 - Tyrosine dosage for healthy adults depending on exercise intensity
| Conditions | Daily requirement for the substance, g |
| Passive pastime | 0,8-2 |
| Active lifestyle | 1,5-5 |
| One-time dose after a short exercise (1-2 times a week) | 3-6 |
| Severe mental workload (exams, leadership position) | 3-7 |
| Regular exercise | 3-5 once a day before training |
For any of the conditions, the dose should not be exceeded 12 mg per day. In case of digestive problems, the daily dose of the drug is divided into 3-4 doses.
Instructions for use
You should be careful when taking the drug and not increase the indicated recommendations and dosages. Due to improper use, there is a risk of side effects.
L-tyrosine is taken no more than one capsule at a time. During the day, the frequency of administration is from 1 to 3, depending on the purpose and severity of clinical manifestations. It is necessary to drink the capsule only with clean non-carbonated water, 100-200 ml is enough.
Instructions for use for weight loss include taking one capsule per day in the morning before meals. This dosage is enough to reduce appetite, reduce fat mass and improve metabolism.
For better absorption of the active substance and bioavailability, you should take the dietary supplement half an hour before meals. The recommended course of use is a month. If necessary, the course can be repeated after three or six months.
In addition, there are foods rich in tyrosine. To replenish its reserves, you can eat foods rich in proteins: turkey; chicken; fish; beans; soy; dairy products; avocado; almonds and peanuts; sesame seed.
Despite all the positive properties, the drug with tyrosine should not be abused.
There are some contraindications to the use of dietary supplements:
- pregnancy and breastfeeding;
- combination of use with other antidepressants;
- schizophrenia;
- hypertension;
- individual intolerance to components;
- age up to 18 years.
Side effects and allergies
If you use the nutritional supplement correctly, there is no need to worry about side effects, although the possibility of their occurrence cannot be completely excluded. In rare cases, patients complain of nausea, heartburn, headache and fatigue . Older people develop arthralgia. In case of individual intolerance to the substance, allergic reactions often appear in the form of redness of the skin, rash, and itching.
Another side effect of the amino acid may be an increase in thyroxine levels. An increase in hormone concentration can complicate the course of hyperthyroidism and weaken the effectiveness of the therapy used. Therefore, people with an overactive thyroid gland should not take the supplement without consulting a doctor.
Medicine and pharmaceuticals: tyrosine preparations
Speaking about the use of this substance in medicine and pharmaceuticals , it must be said that today many medicines and food supplements containing tyrosine are produced. The amino acid is produced in tablets, capsules and powder form. With their help you can overcome stress, chronic fatigue syndrome, depression, allergies, headaches and thyroid diseases. Tyrosine preparations also prescribed for hypotension, vegetative-vascular dystonia, obesity, hypothyroidism, Parkinson's disease, Vitiligo, and hyperactivity in children. They also help speed up a slow metabolism and are useful in the treatment of alcoholism and drug addiction.
Scientists have noticed that thanks to this amino acid, concentration and focus . Therefore, this substance will help those who suffer from insomnia to be active during the day. Some researchers have suggested that tyrosine may be useful in Alzheimer's disease, impotence, heart disease and schizophrenia, but so far this effect of tyrosine preparations remains unproven.
In recent years, this substance has attracted increasing attention from scientists, due to the desire to reduce the number of patients with phenylketonuria (oligophrenia). Studies have also been conducted in which increased levels of tyrosine in the blood and urine were recorded in patients with rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, and tonsillitis. Doctors believe that this pattern will help identify the rheumatic process at an early stage. Another experiment helped discover that this substance helps to perform complex intellectual work in conditions that are uncomfortable for humans (+4 º C).
Overdose
With prolonged use of tyrosine preparations, the possibility of overdose increases. Medical sources indicate that with an excess of amino acids, the heart rhythm is disturbed, the acidity of gastric juice increases up to the development of gastric ulcers, and appetite worsens. A person also suffers from headaches, dizziness, drowsiness, or vice versa, increased excitability and aggressiveness. In severe cases, hyperthyroidism may develop.
If unpleasant symptoms appear or your health worsens, you should stop taking supplements and consult a doctor immediately. To reduce the negative impact of the substance, you can take activated carbon or another absorbent before going to a specialist.
Tyrosine: for weight loss
The use of tyrosine for weight loss is primarily based on its ability to activate fat burning and significantly suppress hunger, which is especially important for people on a low-calorie diet. In addition, this amino acid suppresses the negative effects of stress, which also often provokes weight gain.
It is important to note that L-tyrosine , like other amino acids such as arginine, tryptophan or carnitine, is not a panacea against extra pounds. Without proper nutrition, its effectiveness is insignificant, but in combination with physical activity, taking tyrosine guarantees excellent results.
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Most of the positive reviews about tyrosine are related to the treatment of the thyroid gland. Buyers note a rapid improvement in well-being, a decrease in the severity of symptoms, restoration of physical strength and good mood. Those who took the weight loss supplement are also satisfied. The drug reduces appetite and cravings for sweets.
Elderly people using the nutrient to increase mental abilities not only improved memory and attention, but also restored coordination of movements and the functioning of the vestibular apparatus. Many people experienced increased stamina, normalized sleep, and a decrease in the amount of gray hair in their hair.
But there are also negative responses to the drug: some patients did not notice any results from its use, others developed allergies and discomfort in the stomach.
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Mechanism of action of L-tyrosine
The basic mechanisms of action of L-tyrosine have been carefully and well studied.
Most of its actions are due to its use in the production of the catecholamine neurotransmitters dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. This does not force them to be produced, but provides the raw materials from which they are made.
structure of L-tyrosine
L-tyrosine is formed when its amino acid precursor, phenylalanine, is metabolized in the liver. Sufficient amounts of L-tyrosine provide a buffer of material that the body can use to produce more catecholamines.
Intense physical or mental stress increases the release of adrenaline, norepinephrine and dopamine. Their levels can deplete quickly. When this happens, the brain begins the process of creating more of them. It releases an enzyme that converts L-tyrosine first into a precursor and then into dopamine. Some L-DOPA is oxidized and converted into norepinephrine and adrenaline.
This built-in regulatory system can be seen as an argument in favor of L-tyrosine supplementation. Maintaining adequate levels of L-tyrosine can increase the synthesis and release of catecholamines. As a result, it provides sufficient amounts of dopamine, adrenaline and norepinephrine during prolonged periods of stress.
Drug interactions
The instructions for use indicate that L-tyrosine cannot be combined with hormonal drugs for the treatment of hypothyroidism and antidepressants used in psychiatry. And combined use with MAO inhibitors (Pyrazidol, Incazan, Aurorix, Befol) can provoke an increase in blood pressure, cause a stroke or heart attack.
It is not advisable to use tyrosine together with the drug Levodopa, prescribed for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The interaction of these drugs will reduce the effectiveness of therapy and increase adverse reactions. With caution, tyrosine is prescribed with amino acids such as Glycine, Tryptophan and Valine.
Vitamin B6 and ascorbic acid, taken simultaneously with the amino acid, accelerate the synthesis of hormones.
Tyrosine: exchange
Proper tyrosine plays a very important role in ensuring the normal functioning of the body. Disturbances in this process are associated with the occurrence of some hereditary pathologies.
We are talking, first of all, about phenylketonuria - a disease of the nervous system that occurs when there is excessive accumulation of phenylalanine and its metabolites in the body. As already mentioned, during normal metabolism, tyrosine is formed from phenylalanine, thereby eliminating its excess. If for some reason the breakdown of phenylalanine is impaired, then it accumulates in large quantities in the liver and enters the bloodstream, causing a toxic effect on the body. Fortunately, today it is possible to avoid the devastating consequences of this disease by correcting protein nutrition, drug therapy and additional consumption of B vitamins, vitamin C, iron, magnesium, calcium and folic acid.
Diseases such as alcaponturia, parkinsonism and albinism are also associated with impaired tyrosine metabolism.
Analogs
Not only L-tyrosine can cope with a bad mood and resist stress. There are other supplements with similar effects. Among them are:
- 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), which is a precursor to serotonin;
- L-Carnitine, which improves the synthesis of norepinephrine and acetylcholine;
- L-Theanine, which is used to combat nervousness and stress.
The supplements considered, like the amino acid, normalize behavioral reactions, help cope with insomnia, save you from overthinking, and correct the emotional sphere.
Tyrosine has many indications for use. The drug relieves fatigue and drowsiness, normalizes metabolism, improves memory and attention, and supports the health of the thyroid gland. However, despite all the beneficial properties, the amino acid should not be taken without consulting a doctor. If used incorrectly, it can provoke adverse reactions and worsen health in diseases of the endocrine system.
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What does the substance tyrosine combine with?
To complete the picture, it is necessary to say what the substance tyrosine is combined . Some sources contain information that when treating with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (a drug for depression), you need to give up foods containing the amino acid or stop taking tyrosine preparations . Otherwise, the pressure may rise sharply. On the contrary, the combination with vitamins C and B, niacin and chlorine is favorable. In addition, tyrosine combines well with methionine.
Doctors say that for certain diseases, foods rich in tyrosine should be avoided. First of all, we are talking about any tumors. Those who suffer from migraines should not overuse such dishes.
We looked at the action of the conditionally essential amino acid tyrosine . Now you know that this substance is an effective medicine for diseases of the thyroid gland and nervous system. It is also taken by athletes in the form of dietary supplements as a means of endurance . Despite the fact that an overdose of tyrosine is rare, it is better to consult a specialist using such drugs
Tyrosine: buy, price
Here is such a large assortment of forms, dosages and manufacturers of tyrosine :
Buy capsules, tablets and Tyrosine powder!
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Tyrosine: reviews
Lena, 59 years old: Took Tyrosine for weight loss. No other methods helped at my age. My appetite has noticeably decreased and I lost 10 extra kilos. I was pleasantly surprised by the low price on iHerb for all dietary supplements.
Svetlana, 40 years old: I bought Tyrosine for my mother. With age, she developed forgetfulness, her character became unbearable: tears, irritability, apathy, causeless anxiety. There was no immediate effect, but after 6 weeks of taking it, she became calmer and the insomnia went away. Now mom smiles, goes to visit, is interested in her children and grandchildren.
Veronica, 25 years old: Tyrosine is the best antidepressant. It was only thanks to him that I made it through the probationary period at my new job. It was difficult to withstand heavy loads, and the team was unfriendly. After 3 weeks of use, stress resistance significantly increased. I quickly cope with assigned tasks.
Tyrosine: dietary supplement
Dietary supplements with tyrosine are one of the most popular drugs on the sports nutrition market, which is why the range of such drugs today is extremely large. When choosing among all this variety, it is difficult to decide which product is suitable in a particular case. L-tyrosine supplements, it is best to follow these guidelines:
- during intense physical activity, preparations based on pure tyrosine or with the addition of other amino acids will be more effective;
- for mental and psychological stress, it is more useful to consume tyrosine , additionally enriched with vitamin C and vitamin B6, but without amino acids.
Source Naturals, L-Tyrosine, Free Form Powder
The food supplement does not contain gluten, soy, sugar or preservatives. By stimulating the rate of dopamine production, the drug has a positive effect on mental health: it eliminates irritability, apathy, anxiety, and improves mood. L-Tyrosine helps you lose weight by reducing appetite and improving metabolism. The amino acid increases cognitive abilities in people of all ages. It has been proven that during heavy mental stress, additional intake of Tyrosine helps preserve nerves and improve mental activity.
The drug is recommended to support the functions of the adrenal glands and thyroid gland. The dietary supplement can be used in many areas of medicine. The recommended dose is 1/4 teaspoon per day, one hour after meals. The instructions for use describe in detail how to take L-tyrosine for treatment and prevention.
Buy Source Naturals, L-Tyrosine, Free Form Powder, 3.53 oz (100 g) on iHerb - $11.33
